Repulsive expansion dynamics in colony growth and gene expression

Spatial expansion of a population cells can arise from growth microorganisms, plant cells, and mammalian cells. It underlies normal or dysfunctional tissue development, it be exploited as the foundation for programming spatial patterns. This is often driven by continuous division within colony, which in turn pushes peripheral outward. process generates repulsion velocity field at each location colony. Here we show that this approximated coarse-grained repulsive-expansion kinetics. framework enables accurate efficient simulation gene expression dynamics radially symmetric colonies with homogenous z-directional distribution. robust even if are not spherical vary size. The simplicity resulting mathematical also greatly facilitates generation mechanistic insights.